Accessibility
Definition
Making websites usable by everyone, including people with disabilities. Includes screen reader support, keyboard navigation, and colour contrast requirements.
What is Web Accessibility?
Web accessibility means designing websites that everyone can use, including people with disabilities – visual impairments, hearing loss, motor disabilities, and cognitive differences.
Why Accessibility Matters
Ethical Responsibility
15% of the population has some form of disability. Excluding them is wrong.
Legal Requirements
In the UK, the Equality Act requires reasonable adjustments. Inaccessible websites can face legal challenges.
Better for Everyone
Accessibility improvements often help all users. Captions help people in noisy environments. Good contrast helps in bright sunlight.
SEO Benefits
Many accessibility practices (alt text, proper headings, semantic HTML) also improve SEO.
Key Accessibility Considerations
Visual
- Screen reader compatibility
- Alt text on images
- Sufficient colour contrast
- Resizable text
Motor
- Keyboard navigation (no mouse required)
- Large click targets
- No time limits on actions
Auditory
- Captions on videos
- Transcripts for audio
- Visual alternatives for audio cues
Cognitive
- Clear, simple language
- Consistent navigation
- Predictable layouts
Quick Wins
Alt Text
Add descriptive alt text to all meaningful images.
Colour Contrast
Ensure text has at least 4.5:1 contrast ratio against background.
Keyboard Navigation
Test your site using only the keyboard. Can you access everything?
Heading Structure
Use H1, H2, H3 in order. Screen readers use these to navigate.
Form Labels
Every input field needs a proper label.
Testing Accessibility
- Use tools like WAVE or Lighthouse
- Test with keyboard only
- Try a screen reader
- Check colour contrast ratios
Making your site accessible isn't just the right thing to do – it makes good business sense.